OBS-2026-000001: CVE-2025-25249

1. Observe What changed? →

2. Understand Why does it matter? →

3. Track How does risk evolve? →

4. Predict What happens next? →

5. Decide What to do? →

6. Verify What happened? →

7. Remember Persistent memory

IMMUTABLE CANONICAL OBSERVATION

OBS-2026-000001

Target Entity: CVE-2025-25249 — Fortinet FortiOS, FortiSwitchManager & FortiSASE cw_acd CAPWAP Heap Buffer Overflow RCE

MODE: RETROSPECTIVE

Methodology: HTS-3.1

Observed UTC:
2026-01-13T00:00:00.000Z

Event Date:
2026-01-13

Epistemic State:
● KNOWN

Cryptographic Digest:
sha256-f026f24356558f7…

1. Verified Evidence & Observed State

This canonical observation confirms the following factual event on the threat surface:

Hermes Threat Score (HTS)

98 / 100

CRITICAL

CVSS v3.1

9.8

CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

EPSS (30-Day Exploitation)

0.8%

Percentile: 53.1th

Weaponization & CISA KEV

🚨 Listed in CISA KEV

Exploit Maturity: weaponized

2. Decomposed Epistemic Confidence Vector

Hermes rejects false certainty and explicitly exposes its decomposed confidence vector:

Evidence Integrity99%

Model Stability98%

Data Completeness95%

Actionable Decisiveness96%

3. Primary Sources & Provenance Chain

Observation OBS-2026-000001 is strictly anchored to verified records from the following primary entities:

Fortinet PSIRT Advisory FG-IR-25-084
CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog

Causal Intelligence Lineage

Primary Source → OBS-2026-000001 → CVE-2025-25249 → Risk Trajectory → Action Directive

4. Target Entity & Correlated Intelligence

Primary Vulnerability Dossier: CVE-2025-25249
Impacted Software Product : Fortinet FortiOS (fortinet ecosystem)
Dynamic Risk Trajectories: View risk trajectory analysis
Decision Engine: View prescriptive remediation directives

5. Observation Sequence & Chain of Custody

Chronological lineage for entity CVE-2025-25249:

Preceding Observation: None (Initial Baseline)
Succeeding Observation: OBS-2026-000002

Observation ID	Date	Mode	Score	Observed Fact
👉 `OBS-2026-000001`	`2026-01-13`	RETROSPECTIVE	98	Initial baseline observation created upon public disclosure and ingestion.
`OBS-2026-000002`	`2026-09-09`	RETROSPECTIVE	98	State change observed: threat score adjusted by +0 points; CISA KEV or weaponized exploit verified.

6. Reproducibility & Cryptographic Verification

(Section 77 Mandate: “Observations must be reproducible”)

Fetch and verify this observation record directly from the machine-readable API:

# 1. Fetch canonical observation record
curl -sSL https://hermes-codex.vercel.app/api/observations/OBS-2026-000001.json

# 2. Verify cryptographic SHA-256 integrity
curl -sSL https://hermes-codex.vercel.app/api/observations/OBS-2026-000001.json | sha256sum

OASIS STIX 2.1 Mapping (`observed-data`)

{
  "type": "observed-data",
  "spec_version": "2.1",
  "id": "observed-data--c01323b0-4238-f0d1-bd9b-0cd9ab4e1b43",
  "created_by_ref": "identity--hermes-codex-threat-observatory",
  "created": "2026-01-13T00:00:00.000Z",
  "modified": "2026-01-13T00:00:00.000Z",
  "first_observed": "2026-01-13T00:00:00.000Z",
  "last_observed": "2026-01-13T00:00:00.000Z",
  "number_observed": 1,
  "external_references": [
    {
      "source_name": "hermes-codex",
      "external_id": "OBS-2026-000001",
      "url": "https://hermes-codex.vercel.app/observations/obs-2026-000001/"
    }
  ],
  "object_marking_refs": [
    "marking-definition--tlp-clear"
  ],
  "custom_properties": {
    "x_hermes_threat_score": 98,
    "x_hermes_severity": "CRITICAL",
    "x_hermes_epistemic_state": "KNOWN",
    "x_hermes_methodology": "HTS-3.1",
    "x_hermes_integrity_hash": "sha256-f026f24356558f7188b7dc19247bc8f5f0133189d243ab15029484123f44c34c"
  }
}